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|seats2_title = Seats in the House |seats2 = |seats3_title = Governorships |seats3 = |seats4_title = State Upper House Seats |seats4 = |seats5_title = State Lower House Seats |seats5 = |seats6_title = Other elected offices |seats6 = 152 (2015)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Elected Officials )〕 |colors = Gold |website = (www.lp.org ) |country = United States }} The Libertarian Party (LP) is a libertarian political party in the United States that promotes civil liberties, free markets, non-interventionism, and laissez-faire.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Current Issues )〕 The LP was conceived at meetings in the home of David F. Nolan in Westminster, Colorado during 1971〔(David Nolan Reflects on the Libertarian Party on its 30th Anniversary ), Colorado Freedom Report〕 and was officially formed on December 11, 1971 in Colorado Springs, Colorado.〔 The founding of the party was prompted in part due to concerns about the Vietnam War, conscription, and the end of the gold standard.〔Michael Patrick Murphy, ''The Government'', p. 555, iUniverse, 2004, ISBN 978-0-595-30863-7.〕 2012 presidential nominee Gary Johnson states that the party is more culturally liberal than the Democrats, but more fiscally conservative than the Republicans. The party has generally promoted a classical liberal platform, in contrast to the modern liberal and progressive platform of the Democrats and the more conservative platform of the Republicans. Current policy positions include lowering taxes,〔(Taxes ). Official Website. Accessed: October 13, 2013.〕 allowing people to opt out of Social Security,〔(Social Security ). Official Website. Accessed: October 13, 2013.〕 abolishing welfare,〔(Replace Welfare: Cut Taxes ). Official Website. Accessed: October 13, 2013.〕 ending the prohibition of illegal drugs,〔(Crime and Violence ). Official Website. Accessed: October 13, 2013.〕 supporting same-sex marriage rights,〔June 10, 2011. (Libertarians say marriage equality only one step toward ending legal discrimination ). Official website.〕 and supporting gun ownership rights.〔(Gun Laws ). Official Website. Accessed: October 13, 2013.〕 In the 30 states where voters can register by party, there is a combined total of 330,811 voters registered under the party. By this count, as well as in terms of the popular vote in elections and number of candidates run per election, the LP is the third-largest party in the United States. It has also many firsts to its credit, such as being the party under which the first electoral vote was cast for a woman in a United States presidential election, due to a faithless elector. Though the party has never won a seat in the United States Congress, it has seen electoral success in state legislative races. Three Libertarians were elected to the Alaska Legislature between 1978 and 1984 and another four to the New Hampshire General Court in 1992. In 1998 Neil Randall won election to the Vermont House of Representatives, which marked the last time to date a Libertarian Party member was elected to a state house.〔http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2009/06/vermonts-only-elected-libertarian-state.html〕 In 2011 Rhode Island State Representative Daniel P. Gordon was expelled from the Republicans and joined the LP, making him the only Libertarian State Representative that year. ==History== The first Libertarian National Convention was held in June 1972. In 1978, Dick Randolph of Alaska became the first elected Libertarian state legislator. Following the 1980 federal elections, the Libertarian Party assumed the title of being the third-largest party for the first time after the American Independent Party and the Conservative Party of New York, which were the other largest minor parties at the time, continued to decline. In 1994, over 40 Libertarians were elected or appointed which was a record for the party at that time. 1995 saw a soaring membership and voter registration for the party. In 1996, the Libertarian Party became the first third party to earn ballot status in all 50 states two presidential elections in a row. By the end of 2009, 146 Libertarians were holding elected offices. Tonie Nathan, running as the Libertarian Party's vice-presidential candidate in the 1972 presidential election with John Hospers as the presidential candidate, was the first female candidate in the United States to receive an electoral vote.〔〔 John Hospers, who was the Libertarian Party's first presidential candidate that year, was the first openly gay man to run for president of the United States.〔(John Hospers, RIP ). reason. Retrieved 2013-04-29.〕 The 2012 election Libertarian Party presidential candidate, former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson, was chosen on May 4, 2012 at the 2012 Libertarian National Convention in Summerlin, Nevada.〔Malcolm, Andrew, ("Las Vegas gets its first national political convention" ), ''Los Angeles Times'', November 30, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Libertarian Party (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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